We’ve all been there, suddenly hit by nausea, stomach cramps, or a dash to the bathroom. Often blamed on “something we ate,” stomach bugs are far more common and complex than we realise. In 2025, these intestinal invaders, mainly viral gastroenteritis, are still making the rounds. With recent global shifts in viral strains and local trends in South Africa, staying informed can help you protect yourself and your family.
What is viral gastroenteritis?
Viral gastroenteritis, often called the stomach flu, is an infection of the intestines. It’s caused by a range of viruses, most notably norovirus and rotavirus, and spreads through contaminated food, water, or person-to-person contact. Symptoms typically appear one to three days after infection and can last up to 14 days.
Common symptoms include:
- Watery diarrhoea
- Stomach cramps or pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Mild fever
- Muscle aches or headaches
While most people recover without needing medical treatment, viral gastroenteritis can lead to dangerous dehydration, especially in infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.
Global updates: What’s new in 2025
Norovirus GII.17 Emergence
In the United States and parts of Europe, the GII.17 strain of norovirus has overtaken the long-dominant GII.4 variant. This new strain is responsible for over 75% of outbreaks during the 2024–2025 season and has brought with it an earlier start to the “stomach bug season,” now beginning in October rather than December. This shift could mean more frequent and widespread outbreaks globally.
Spike in rotavirus cases
In England, rotavirus cases have surged, 72.2% higher than the five-year average during the same reporting period. Public health authorities attribute this to both waning immunity post-COVID and missed vaccinations.
South African snapshot: Local surveillance matters
The African Rotavirus Network (AfrRN), coordinated by the South African Medical Research Council, continues to monitor rotavirus strain diversity and vaccine impact across the continent. Their surveillance efforts are crucial for informing immunisation strategies and understanding the evolving epidemiology of rotavirus infections in Africa.
Surveillance data highlights that rotavirus remains a significant cause of hospitalisation among children under five.
Prevention is still the best medicine
There’s no specific cure for viral gastroenteritis. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and rehydration. However, prevention goes a long way:
Top tips for avoiding infection:
- Wash hands with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before eating.
- Disinfect surfaces, particularly in bathrooms and kitchens.
- Avoid undercooked seafood, especially shellfish.
- Do not share cutlery, cups, or towels.
- Vaccinate children against rotavirus as recommended by health authorities.
When to see a doctor
In most cases, rest and fluids are enough. But seek medical help if:
- Vomiting lasts more than 48 hours.
- Diarrhoea persists longer than a few days.
- Fever is above 39°C.
- You feel faint or notice blood in your stool.
Conclusion
Stomach bugs may seem minor, but their impact can be profound, especially on vulnerable groups. With evolving global strains and a continued local burden, awareness is essential.
Speak to a healthcare professional if you feel unwell or concerned about symptoms. You can find a healthcare provider and book a consultation online. Staying informed, cautious, and hydrated is your best defence.
