Understanding diabetes: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors | 2 min read

Diabetes is a chronic condition affecting approximately 537 million adults globally. It occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels due to insufficient insulin production or inability to use it effectively. Elevated blood sugar can lead to severe complications like heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney failure.

There are three main types of diabetes:

• Type 1: An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
• Type 2: A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough, often linked to lifestyle factors.
• Gestational diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.

Common symptoms of diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes can be easy to miss, but early detection is essential. Look out for:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination: The kidneys work harder to filter excess sugar, leading to thirst and frequent bathroom trips.
• Unexplained weight loss: The body burns fat and muscle for energy when glucose isn’t processed effectively.
• Fatigue: Without sufficient glucose for energy, you may feel constantly tired.
• Blurred vision: High blood sugar can cause eye lenses to swell, affecting vision.
• Slow-healing wounds and frequent infections: Poor circulation and weakened immune response slow healing.
• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet: Nerve damage (neuropathy) from high blood sugar causes tingling or numbness.

Causes of diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing cells. Genetic and environmental factors play a role.
• Type 2 diabetes (pre-diabetes) is often linked to lifestyle factors like obesity, inactivity, and poor diet, as well as genetic predisposition.
• Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that increase insulin resistance.

Risk factors for diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes: Family history, genetics, and age (most common in children and young adults).
• Type 2 diabetes: Obesity, inactivity, age (risk increases after 45), family history, ethnicity (higher risk in African, Asian, and Hispanic populations), high blood pressure, and cholesterol.
• Gestational diabetes: Obesity, family history, previous gestational diabetes, and age (over 25).

What should you do if you think you have diabetes?

If you experience any of the symptoms listed or have risk factors for diabetes, it’s essential to seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve your quality of life. A healthcare provider typically recommends a blood test to measure blood sugar levels and confirm a diagnosis.

Take action today—schedule a consultation with a healthcare professional at Intercare, and take the first step towards managing your health. Book an appointment here.