A closer look at a concussion
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow, bump, or jolt to the head, or a hit to the body that causes the head to move rapidly. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce or twist within the skull, leading to chemical changes and sometimes damage to brain cells.
Although concussions are typically referred to as “mild TBIs” because they are usually not life-threatening, their impact on daily function, mood, memory, and concentration can be significant.
Common causes
Concussions can happen to anyone, but they are especially common in:
- Falls (particularly in children and older adults).
- Car or bicycle accidents.
- Sports injuries, especially in contact sports.
- Physical assaults or shaken baby syndrome.
It’s important to remember that a concussion doesn’t always involve loss of consciousness. Most people with a concussion stay awake and alert.
Signs and symptoms to look out for:
Symptoms may appear immediately after the injury or develop over hours or days. They can include:
- Headache or pressure in the head.
- Confusion or feeling “foggy”.
- Dizziness or balance problems.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Sensitivity to light or noise.
- Slurred speech or delayed responses.
- Fatigue or sleep disturbances.
- Mood swings, irritability, or sadness.
- Trouble with memory, focus, or concentration.
If you or someone else shows any of these signs after a head injury, it’s essential to seek medical attention, especially if symptoms worsen.
How is a concussion diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will assess your symptoms, perform a physical and neurological exam, and ask how the injury occurred. In some cases, imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI may be ordered to rule out bleeding or other serious brain injuries. However, concussions themselves often don’t show up on scans, which is why clinical evaluation is crucial.
Treatment and recovery
There’s no single treatment for a concussion. Instead, recovery relies on rest and symptom management. Key recommendations include:
- Physical and cognitive rest for the first 24–48 hours.
- Avoiding screen time and loud environments.
- Staying hydrated and eating well.
- Slowly returning to daily activities as symptoms improve.
- Monitoring closely for any new or worsening symptoms.
Returning to sport or physical activity too soon can put you at risk for second-impact syndrome, a potentially fatal condition. Always follow medical advice about when it’s safe to resume exercise or work.
Children and concussion
Children and teens are more susceptible to concussions and may take longer to recover. They also may have trouble expressing their symptoms. Parents and caregivers should monitor any child who has experienced a bump or jolt to the head and consult a healthcare provider even if the child seems fine at first.
When to get help
Don’t ignore the signs. If you suspect a concussion, especially if symptoms are severe or not improving, prompt evaluation can prevent complications and support a smoother recovery.
Worried about a head injury? Schedule a consultation with an Intercare healthcare provider today and get the needed support.
Learn about “Rehabilitation for brain injuries” on the Health Hub.
