Understanding the role of inherited traits in your well-being
Regarding health, we often think of lifestyle choices, what we eat, how active we are, or how we manage stress. But another key player is with us from the very beginning: our genes.
Your genetic makeup, inherited from your biological parents, is decisive in determining your risk for certain diseases, how your body reacts to medications, and even how you metabolise food. While you can’t change your DNA, understanding it can empower you to make more informed health choices and take proactive steps toward prevention.
What are genes?
Genes are segments of DNA that act like instruction manuals for your body. They tell your cells how to function, from eye colour and height to how well your immune system works. You inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
While most genes function normally, some may carry mutations that can increase your risk of developing certain medical conditions.
Common health conditions with a genetic component
Not all diseases are inherited directly, but many have a genetic predisposition, meaning your risk may be higher if the condition runs in your family. These include:
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Certain cancers (e.g. breast, ovarian, colorectal).
- High blood pressure
- Mental health disorders
- Autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
However, genetics is only part of the equation. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices also play a significant role.
Nature vs nurture: A delicate balance
Your genes may set the stage, but how you live your life can influence whether certain conditions develop. For example:
- A person with a family history of type 2 diabetes may avoid the disease through diet and exercise.
- Someone with a genetic risk for lung cancer could reduce their likelihood by not smoking.
- Regular screenings and early detection can be lifesaving for individuals with hereditary cancer risks.
This is where the phrase “genetics loads the gun, but lifestyle pulls the trigger” rings especially true.
What can genetic testing tell you?
Modern genetic testing can help identify:
- Carrier status for inherited conditions.
- Risk levels for specific diseases.
- How you may respond to certain medications (pharmacogenetics).
It’s especially helpful for people with a strong family history of disease or those planning to start a family.
Should everyone get tested?
Not necessarily. Genetic counselling is recommended before and after testing to interpret results correctly. Sometimes, knowing your genetic risk can lead to proactive monitoring and preventive treatments, but it can also cause anxiety or lead to unnecessary interventions.
Protecting your health, regardless of genetics
You can’t change your DNA, but you can change how you care for yourself. Here are some tips:
- Learn your family medical history and share it with your doctor.
- Make healthy lifestyle choices—eat well, exercise, and don’t smoke.
- Get regular check-ups and recommended screenings.
- Talk to a healthcare provider about whether genetic testing is right for you.
You can learn more about various conditions on our Health Hub page.
Click on the links to read articles and view Intercare’s educational “on-demand” webinars:
https://healthhub.intercare.co.za/category/health-conditions/
Conclusion:
While your genes influence many aspects of your health, they don’t tell the whole story. Knowing your genetic predispositions allows you to make proactive decisions about your well-being. Partner with your healthcare provider to monitor your health, adjust your lifestyle, and take charge of your future.
If you are concerned about your health, find a healthcare provider at Intercare and book a consultation online.
