What is cerebrovascular disease?
Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the blood vessels and blood flow in the brain. This includes strokes, mini strokes (transient ischemic attacks), aneurysms, and vascular malformations. These conditions can have serious, lasting effects on movement, speech, memory, and overall brain function.
Because the brain relies on a steady blood supply for oxygen and nutrients, any interruption can cause significant damage. Unfortunately, many people are unaware they’re at risk until symptoms become severe or permanent.
Common types of cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of serious health issues:
- Ischemic stroke: Occurs when a clot blocks a blood vessel, preventing oxygen from reaching parts of the brain.
- Haemorrhagic stroke: Caused by bleeding in or around the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Sometimes called a “mini stroke,” this is a temporary blockage with symptoms that resolve within 24 hours, but it’s a warning sign.
- Brain aneurysms: A bulge in a blood vessel that can rupture, leading to bleeding and potential death.
- Vascular malformations: Abnormalities in the brain’s blood vessels may lead to complications if not treated.
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Recognising the symptoms early
Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease often come on suddenly. Some of the most common include:
- Sudden numbness or weakness, particularly on one side of the body.
- Trouble speaking or understanding speech.
- Loss of vision or blurred vision in one or both eyes.
- Dizziness or loss of balance.
- Sudden, severe headache.
Recognising these warning signs and acting promptly is crucial. If someone shows signs of stroke, use the FAST method: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services.
Who is at risk?
Several factors can increase your risk of developing cerebrovascular disease:
- High blood pressure.
- Smoking.
- Diabetes.
- High cholesterol.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Family history of stroke or cardiovascular disease.
- Older age
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce your risk of developing certain health conditions. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing chronic conditions, and avoiding tobacco use are all crucial.
Diagnosis and treatment options
If you experience symptoms or have risk factors, your doctor may order imaging tests, such as CT scans, MRIs, or carotid ultrasounds, to examine blood flow and detect any abnormalities.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease and may include:
- Medication: Blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or medication to manage blood pressure.
- Surgery: To remove clots, repair blood vessels, or address aneurysms.
- Rehabilitation: Physical, speech, and occupational therapy after a stroke or related event.
Prevention is the best protection
The good news is that cerebrovascular disease is often preventable. Here’s how to lower your risk:
- Monitor and manage blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Get regular exercise.
- Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider.
If you’re concerned about your brain health or have risk factors, book an appointment online with an Intercare provider. Early intervention can protect your brain and improve your long-term quality of life.
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