What do white spots on nails mean?
Have you ever looked at your nails and noticed tiny white spots? You’re not alone. Medically known as leukonychia, white spots on nails are a common occurrence and usually harmless. Still, they often raise concerns, especially when linked to myths about vitamin deficiencies or underlying health conditions.
In most cases, these spots are nothing to worry about, but it’s good to know when they might signal something more serious.
What causes white spots on nails?
Contrary to popular belief, white spots are rarely due to a calcium deficiency. There are a few common reasons these marks appear:
- Minor trauma to the nail matrix.
A bump or knock to the base of the nail (often without you even noticing) can lead to white spots as the nail grows. - Allergic reactions.
Sensitivity to nail polish, hardeners, or removers may cause mild irritation, resulting in white marks. - Fungal infections.
While less common, a fungal infection, particularly in toenails, can cause spots or streaks. - Mineral deficiencies.
Severe deficiencies in zinc or protein may occasionally show up as nail changes, including white spots, but this is rare in otherwise healthy individuals. - Systemic illness or medication side effects.
In rare cases, persistent white spots can indicate a more serious underlying issue, such as liver or kidney disease, or a side effect of chemotherapy.
Myths about white spots
It’s easy to see why these little spots spark so many questions. Let’s clear up a few common misconceptions:
- Myth: “White spots mean you need more calcium.”
Not necessarily. While nutrition affects nail health, calcium isn’t usually the culprit. - Myth: “They’re a sure sign of illness.”
Not true for most people. Occasional white spots are typically due to minor trauma and are completely harmless. - Myth: “They’ll never go away.”
False. As your nail grows, the white spot moves up and eventually disappears when the nail is trimmed.
When should you be concerned?
While white spots are often benign, see your healthcare provider if:
- The spots persist or spread across several nails.
- You notice other symptoms like brittle nails, discolouration, or thickening.
- You’re experiencing other health issues at the same time.
- You’ve recently started a new medication.
In these cases, your doctor may run tests or refer you to a dermatologist to rule out infections or systemic issues.
Tips to prevent white spots
Keeping your nails healthy helps minimise the appearance of white spots:
- Be gentle with your nails, avoid biting or aggressive manicures.
- Use gloves when working with chemicals or detergents.
- Moisturise your hands and cuticles regularly.
- Let your nails “breathe” occasionally by taking a break from polish.
- Eat a well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
Conclusion
White spots on nails are usually harmless and often the result of minor trauma or irritation. Most of the time, they grow out independently and don’t require any treatment. However, if you’re concerned or notice other changes in your nails, it’s best to speak with a healthcare provider.
