Understanding preeclampsia: Signs, risks, and when to seek help | 3 min read

Pregnancy is a time of great anticipation, but it can also bring about unexpected health concerns. One of the more serious conditions that can develop during pregnancy is preeclampsia. Affecting around 5–8% of pregnancies, preeclampsia is a potentially dangerous disorder that can impact both the mother and baby if left untreated.

The good news? With the right care and early detection, complications can often be prevented.

What is preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterised primarily by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs, most often the liver and kidneys. It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy, though it can also develop shortly after delivery (a condition known as postpartum preeclampsia).

While many women with preeclampsia experience only mild symptoms, others may face serious health risks if the condition progresses to eclampsia, which involves seizures and is life-threatening.

Recognising the symptoms:

Preeclampsia can develop without noticeable symptoms, especially in its early stages. This is why regular prenatal check-ups are vital. However, some common warning signs include:

  • High blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher)
  • Swelling in the hands, face, and feet
  • Sudden weight gain
  • Severe headaches
  • Blurred vision or light sensitivity
  • Pain in the upper right abdomen
  • Shortness of breath

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider immediately.

Who is at risk?

Although preeclampsia can happen to anyone, certain risk factors increase the likelihood, such as:

  • First-time pregnancy.
  • Family history of preeclampsia
  • Chronic hypertension or kidney disease
  • Obesity
  • Age (being under 20 or over 35)
  • Multiple pregnancies (twins or more)
  • Certain autoimmune conditions, like lupus

Early and ongoing prenatal care is the best way to identify and manage these risks.

How Is Preeclampsia Diagnosed?

Preeclampsia is usually diagnosed through blood pressure measurements and urine tests that detect protein levels. Blood tests, liver function tests, and fetal ultrasounds may also be conducted to assess the severity and monitor fetal development.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy. For mild cases, careful monitoring and lifestyle adjustments may be recommended. In more severe instances or if the pregnancy is near term, delivery of the baby may be the safest option for both mother and child.

Medications to lower blood pressure and manage symptoms might also be prescribed. Hospitalisation may be necessary in some cases to ensure closer monitoring.

Can preeclampsia be prevented?

While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent preeclampsia, certain steps may reduce your risk:

  • Attend all prenatal appointments
  • Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy
  • Follow a balanced, low-sodium diet
  • Stay active with pregnancy-safe exercise
  • Manage underlying health conditions
  • Take prescribed low-dose aspirin if recommended by your doctor

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a serious condition, but early detection and appropriate care can make a significant difference. If you’re pregnant, stay informed and contact your healthcare provider. Your awareness and action can help protect your health and your baby’s.

If you are pregnant and concerned about your health, find a healthcare professional at Intercare and book a consultation online with one who specialises in Women’s Health.

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