In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a life-changing procedure that has helped millions of couples and individuals worldwide fulfil their dreams of becoming parents. IVF involves fertilising an egg outside the body and implanting it into the uterus, offering hope to those who face infertility. Whether due to unexplained fertility issues, medical conditions, or age, IVF has become a powerful means of overcoming challenges and making pregnancy possible.
But IVF is not without its complexities, risks, and challenges. In this article, we’ll explore the IVF process, why it’s needed, the risks and complications, the available treatments, how lifestyle factors play a role, frequently asked questions, and when it’s time to consult a doctor.
What is IVF, and why would it be needed?
Understanding IVF: A glimpse into the procedure.
IVF is a fertility treatment that involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, retrieving the eggs, and then fertilising them in a laboratory with sperm. Once fertilised, the embryos are cultured for a few days before being transferred into the uterus.
This process is typically recommended for individuals or couples facing infertility due to various reasons, including:
- Blocked fallopian tubes: When the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, sperm cannot reach the egg.
- Male infertility: Low sperm count or motility issues can hinder the natural fertilisation process.
- Age-related infertility: As women age, their fertility declines and IVF can offer a solution.
- Endometriosis: This condition affects the uterus lining, making conception more difficult.
- Unexplained infertility: In some cases, no specific cause of infertility can be determined.
Risk factors associated with IVF.
What factors contribute to IVF success or failure?
Several factors can impact the success of IVF treatment, including:
- Age: Women over 35 may face decreased egg quality, leading to a lower success rate with IVF.
- Lifestyle habits: Smoking, excessive alcohol use, and obesity can negatively affect fertility and IVF outcomes.
- Pre-existing medical conditions: Conditions like diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid problems can influence the chances of IVF success.
- Ovarian reserve: A woman’s egg supply naturally decreases with age, which can affect the IVF process.
- Previous fertility issues: If a person has had failed fertility treatments or multiple miscarriages, it may impact the likelihood of success with IVF.
Complications associated with IVF treatment.
What are the potential complications of IVF?
While IVF offers hope, it is not without its risks and complications. Some of the most common ones include:
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): This condition occurs when the ovaries react too strongly to the fertility drugs used during the IVF process. It can lead to swollen ovaries and fluid buildup in the abdomen.
- Multiple pregnancies: IVF increases the risk of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets), which can lead to complications for both mother and babies.
- Ectopic pregnancy: In rare cases, an embryo may implant outside the uterus, leading to an ectopic pregnancy, which requires immediate medical attention.
- Emotional stress: IVF can be an emotionally challenging process, with stress, anxiety, and disappointment potentially affecting the individuals involved.
The IVF treatment process: What to expect.
Steps in the IVF process:
The IVF process typically involves the following steps:
- Ovarian stimulation: The woman is given hormones to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
- Egg retrieval: The eggs are retrieved from the ovaries using a needle inserted through the vaginal wall under sedation.
- Fertilisation: In the laboratory, sperm is introduced to the eggs to facilitate fertilisation. In cases of male infertility, ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) may be used.
- Embryo culture: The fertilised eggs develop into embryos over several days.
- Embryo transfer: The best-quality embryos are selected and transferred into the uterus, where they can be implanted and developed.
Success rates of IVF:
Success rates for IVF vary depending on age, health conditions, and the fertility clinic’s expertise. The overall success rate of IVF decreases as women age, particularly after age 35. However, with advancements in medical technology, IVF success rates continue to improve.
Lifestyle factors and fertility:
How does your lifestyle affect IVF success?
Your lifestyle choices can significantly influence the success of IVF treatment. Here are some factors to consider:
- Diet and nutrition: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help improve overall fertility and optimise the chances of success.
- Exercise: Moderate exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and improves circulation, but excessive exercise or being underweight can interfere with fertility.
- Stress management: Chronic stress can negatively impact reproductive health, so engaging in relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation is important.
- Smoking and alcohol: Smoking and heavy drinking reduce fertility and can affect the outcome of IVF.
When should you consult a doctor about IVF? What is the correct protocol?
In South Africa, for IVF treatment, you typically don’t start with a general practitioner (GP) unless you need a referral. Here’s the general process:
- Fertility Specialist (Reproductive Endocrinologist).
- The primary doctor you need to see for IVF treatment is a fertility specialist or reproductive endocrinologist. These doctors have specialised training in diagnosing and treating fertility issues, including performing IVF. They will evaluate your individual situation, conduct necessary tests, and determine the best course of action for IVF treatment.
- GP as a first point of contact (optional).
- While it’s not mandatory to start with a GP, many people do see their GP first for a general health check-up or if they have concerns about their fertility. This is an advisable step to follow. A GP can provide initial advice and help with referrals to a fertility specialist. If you’re unsure where to start or need help navigating the process, your GP can guide you.
- Referral from a specialist obstetrician/gynaecologist (optional).
If you’re experiencing gynaecological issues that might impact fertility, you could also consult an obstetrician/gynaecologist (OB/GYN). Some OB/GYNs have fertility expertise and may be able to initiate the IVF process or refer you to a fertility specialist.
When is the right time to consider IVF?
It’s essential to consult a fertility specialist if you’ve been trying to conceive for more than a year without success (or six months if you’re over 35). IVF may be recommended if:
- You or your partner have been diagnosed with fertility issues.
- You’ve had multiple miscarriages or failed fertility treatments.
- You’re experiencing age-related infertility or have a medical condition affecting fertility.
- You want to use donor eggs or sperm for conception.
Early consultation can help you understand your options and determine the best course of action to achieve pregnancy.
Conclusion:
IVF can offer hope to many couples and individuals struggling with infertility, helping turn the dream of having a child into reality. While the process can be challenging, the advancements in fertility treatments make it an exciting option for those looking to grow their families. Always consult with a specialist to explore the best path for you.
FAQ’s
What is the success rate of IVF?
Success rates for IVF depend on factors like age, health, and the quality of the fertility clinic. Generally, younger women under 35 have higher success rates, but IVF can work for older women as well, though success decreases with age.
How much does IVF cost?
IVF costs vary widely depending on the clinic, country, and treatment specifics. It can range from R40,000 to R 70,000 per cycle, not including medications and additional procedures like egg freezing.
Is IVF safe?
IVF is generally considered safe, but it carries risks like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), multiple pregnancies, and complications from anaesthesia. It’s essential to work with a skilled fertility team to minimise risks.
Can lifestyle changes improve IVF success?
Yes, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and managing stress can significantly improve the chances of success with IVF.
Intercare Medfem Hospital
A Johannesburg-based hospital specialising in women’s health. Our modern 21-bed unit is equipped with state-of-the-art technology. We offer a range of gynaecology, fertility, and cosmetic surgery services and work closely with the Medfem Fertility Clinic to ensure holistic care for our patients. We have two operating theatres and a procedure room for less invasive procedures. Talk to us to learn more about our services.
