Rhinitis vs the common cold: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment | 4 min read

Rhinitis and the common cold share similar symptoms but have different causes and treatments. Learn how to distinguish between them, when to seek medical help, and how to manage symptoms effectively.

Rhinitis vs the common cold: Exploring symptoms and treatments

When you wake up with a runny nose, sneezing, and congestion, it’s easy to assume you’ve caught a cold. However, these symptoms could also indicate rhinitis, often mistaken for the common cold. Understanding the differences between the two is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

What is rhinitis?

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose. Various factors, including allergies, infections, or environmental irritants, can cause it. Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.

The common cold

The common cold, on the other hand, is a viral infection primarily caused by rhinoviruses. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While allergens or irritants can trigger rhinitis, the common cold is contagious and typically lasts about a week.

It is easy to get confused between rhinitis and rhinovirus. Study the symptoms to learn the differences.

Symptoms

Rhinitis:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Nasal congestion
• Postnasal drip
• Coughing (usually due to postnasal drip)

The common cold:

• Runny or congested nose
• Sneezing
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Fatigue
• Mild body aches

While the symptoms of rhinitis and the common cold overlap, the duration and onset may differ. Rhinitis symptoms can persist for weeks or months, mainly if triggered by allergens, whereas cold symptoms typically appear suddenly and resolve within a week.

Diagnosis

Differentiating between rhinitis and the common cold often requires a medical evaluation. A healthcare provider may perform a physical examination and inquire about your symptoms, medical history, and potential triggers.

Sometimes, allergy testing may be necessary to identify specific allergens triggering rhinitis symptoms. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and the absence of allergy triggers for colds.

Treatment

Rhinitis:

• Avoidance of allergens: Identify and minimise exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander.
• Nasal corticosteroids: These prescription or over-the-counter medications help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
• Antihistamines: These drugs block histamine release, alleviating symptoms like sneezing and itching.
• Decongestants: Over-the-counter nasal sprays or oral medications can relieve nasal congestion, but prolonged use should be avoided to prevent rebound congestion.

The common cold:

• Rest: Allow your body to recuperate by getting plenty of rest.
• Hydration: Drink fluids such as water, herbal teas, or clear broths to stay hydrated.
• Over-the-counter medications: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can alleviate discomfort and reduce fever.
• Symptomatic relief: Use saline nasal sprays or humidifiers to soothe nasal passages and ease congestion.

When to see a doctor

While rhinitis and the common cold are usually self-limiting conditions, there are instances where medical attention is necessary:

• Symptoms persist for more than two weeks or worsen over time.
• Severe congestion or difficulty breathing.
• Persistent fever or high fever (> 100.4°F or 38°C).
• Symptoms interfere with daily activities or sleep.

If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, find and consult an Intercare doctor near you or consult with a doctor online for proper evaluation and treatment.

How to prevent “catching a cold”

Here are some practical steps you can take to lower your chances of contracting a rhinovirus:

• Practice proper hand hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly for at least 20 seconds after touching surfaces or objects that may harbour germs. If soap and water are unavailable, opt for an alcohol-based hand rub.
• Avoid close contact: Avoid individuals who are visibly unwell to minimize the risk of virus exposure.
• Mind your touch: Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands, as these are entry points for viruses into your body.
• Keep surfaces clean: To reduce the spread of germs, regularly sanitise frequently touched objects and surfaces in your surroundings, such as light switches, countertops, and doorknobs.
• Consider mask usage: In certain situations, wearing a high-quality, well-fitting face mask can provide additional protection. This is particularly relevant in household settings where someone is ill or in crowded indoor environments like public transportation, especially during periods of increased respiratory illness activity in your community.

In conclusion, while rhinitis and the common cold may share similar symptoms, understanding their differences is essential for appropriate management. Whether it’s avoiding allergens, using medications, or seeking medical advice, effective strategies exist to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.